《植物生理学报》 2022, 58(4): 597-606

植物必需金属离子对药用植物次生代谢产物生物合成的作用

曾珍¹，陈万生^1,2,*，肖莹^1,*

¹上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室, 中药资源与生物技术中心, 上海201203；²海军军医大学附属长征医院医学保障中心, 上海200003

通信作者：陈万生；E-mail: chenwansheng@shutcm.edu.cn；肖莹；E-mail: xiaoyingtcm@shutcm.edu.cn

摘　要：

金属离子作为微量元素, 在植物生长发育过程中发挥着不可或缺的作用。研究表明, 金属离子对植物次生代谢产物的生物合成和积累具有重要调控作用, 一方面通过直接影响生物合成途径中催化酶的活性, 改变次生代谢产物的生物合成效率; 一方面作为环境胁迫因子促发抗氧化酶等防御系统保护植物, 激发植物细胞产生一系列的生理生化反应, 从而对次生代谢产物的生物合成过程产生间接影响。药用植物发挥药效的有效成分属于次生代谢产物的范畴, 其有无多寡直接影响临床疗效。本文主要聚焦药用植物,对植物必需金属离子在苯丙素类、萜类、生物碱类三大类药用植物次生代谢产物生物合成中的作用进行归纳总结, 并对相关研究及应用的前景进行讨论。

关键词：金属离子; 药用植物; 苯丙素类; 萜类; 生物碱类; 生物合成

收稿：2021-11-01   修定：2022-01-18

资助：国家自然科学基金(32170402、81874335和31872665)、上海市中央引导地方科技发展资金(YDZX20203100002948)和上海中医药 大学科研项目(2020LK013)

The effects of essential metal ions on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants

ZENG Zhen¹, CHEN Wansheng^1,2,*, XIAO Ying^1,*

¹Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; ²Medical Guarantee Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China

Corresponding author: CHEN Wansheng; E-mail: chenwansheng@shutcm.edu.cn; XIAO Ying; E-mail: xiaoyingtcm@shutcm.edu.cn

Abstract:

As trace elements, metal ions play an indispensable role in the growth and development of plants. Studies indicate that metal ions make an important regulatory effect on the biosynthesis and accumulation of plant secondary metabolites. On one hand, it affects the catalytic activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway to directly change the biosynthetic efficiency of secondary metabolites. On the

other hand, it acts as an environmental stress factor to promote defense systems such as antioxidant enzymes to protect plants, and thus to stimulate a series of physiological and biochemical reactions made  by plant cells, thereby indirectly affecting the biosynthesis process of secondary metabolites. The active ingredients of medicinal plants that exert the medicinal effects belong to secondary metabolites, the content of which directly affects the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicines. This article focuses on medicinal plants and summarizes the effects of essential metal ions on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, including phenylpropanoids, terpenes, and alkaloids, and discusses the prospects of the related research and application.

Key words: metal ion; medicinal plant; phenylpropanoid; terpenoid; alkaloid; biosynthesis